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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 79(1): 104-110, Jan.-Mar 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-984011

ABSTRACT

Abstract Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are considered the main fruit pests worldwide. In Brazil, two species are predominant: the South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus and the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata. In this study, we evaluated the effect of artificial diets with variable pH in their larval development and adult performance. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory at 25 ± 2 °C, 70 ± 10% RH and 12:12h (L:D) photoperiod. Semisolid diets with pH values of 6.0, 5.0, 4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.5, and 1.0, adjusted by adding hydrochloric acid were tested. Results indicated that the diet with pH 6.0 did not support larval development of both species of fruit fly. Diets with greater acidic pH values did not allow egg, larvae or pupae development and adult reproduction of A. fraterculus. For C. capitata , the pH of artificial diet exerts greater influence compared to A. fraterculus on the duration and viability of the larval stage, number of pupae, sex ratio and longevity of males.


Resumo As moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) são consideradas as principais pragas da fruticultura mundial. No Brasil, duas espécies são predomindantes: a mosca-das-frutas Sul-americana, Anastrepha fraterculus e a mosca-do-Mediterrâneo, Ceratitis capitata. Neste estudo avaliamos o efeito de dietas artificiais com pH variável no seu desenvolvimento larval e performance de adultos. Os experimentos foram realizados em laboratório a 25 ± 2 °C, 70 ± 10% UR e fotoperíodo de 12:12 horas. Foram testadas dietas semi-sólidas com valores de pH de 6,0; 5,0; 4,0; 3,0; 2,0; 1,5 e 1,0, ajustados pela adição de ácido clorídrico. Os resultados indicaram que a dieta com pH 6,0 não suportou o desenvolvimento larval de ambas as espécies de mosca-das-frutas. As dietas com pH ácido não permitiram o desenvolvimento de ovos, larvas ou pupas e a reprodução de adultos de A. fraterculus. Para C. capitata o pH da dieta artificial exerceu maior influência do que para A. fraterculus nos parâmetros de duração e viabilidade do estágio larval, número de pupas, razão sexual e longevidade de machos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Insect Control/methods , Tephritidae/physiology , Animal Feed/analysis , Ovum/growth & development , Pupa/growth & development , Species Specificity , Tephritidae/growth & development , Ceratitis capitata/growth & development , Ceratitis capitata/physiology , Diet , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Larva/growth & development
2.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 53: 29, jan. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-991645

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether sites with large amount of potential breeding sites for immature forms of Aedes aegypti, called strategic points, influence in the active vector's dispersion into properties in their surroundings. METHODS: We selected four areas in the municipality of Campinas, three of them with strategic points classified as high, moderate, and low risk according to infestation and a control area, without strategic points. Between October 2015 and September 2016, we monthly installed oviposition traps and evaluated the infestation by Ae. aegypti in all properties of each selected area. To verify if there was vector dispersion from each strategic point, based on its location, we investigated the formation of clusters with excess of eggs or larvae or pupae containers, using the Gi spatial statistics. RESULTS: The amount of eggs collected in the ovitraps and the number of positive containers for Ae. aegypti did not show clusters of high values concerning its distance from the strategic point. Both presented random distribution not spatially associated with the positioning of strategic points in the area. CONCLUSIONS: Strategic points are not confirmed as responsible for the vector's dispersion for properties in their surroundings. We highlight the importance of reviewing the current strategy of the vector control program in Brazil, seeking a balance from the technical, operational, and economic point of view, without disregarding the role of strategic points as major producers of mosquitoes and their importance in the dissemination of arboviruses in periods of transmission.


RESUMO OBJETIVO: Avaliar se locais com grande quantidade de potenciais criadouros de formas imaturas de Aedes aegypti, denominados pontos estratégicos, influenciam a dispersão ativa do vetor aos imóveis no seu entorno. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionadas quatro áreas no município de Campinas, três delas com pontos estratégicos classificados como alto, médio e baixo risco segundo a infestação e uma área controle, sem ponto estratégico. Entre outubro de 2015 e setembro de 2016, instalaram-se mensalmente armadilhas de oviposição e avaliou-se a infestação por Ae. aegypti em todos os imóveis de cada área selecionada. Para verificar se houve dispersão do vetor a partir de cada ponto estratégico, com base em sua localização, investigou-se a formação de aglomerados com excesso de ovos ou de recipientes com larvas ou pupas, utilizando a estatística espacial Gi. RESULTADOS: o número de ovos coletados nas ovitrampas e o número de recipientes positivos para Ae. aegypti não apresentaram aglomerados de altos valores relativos à sua distância do ponto estratégico. Ambos apresentaram distribuição aleatória não associada espacialmente com o posicionamento dos pontos estratégicos na área. CONCLUSÕES: Pontos estratégicos não se confirmaram como responsáveis pela dispersão do vetor para os imóveis no seu entorno. Destaca-se a importância de rever a estratégia atual do programa de controle de vetores do Brasil, buscando um equilíbrio do ponto de vista técnico, operacional e econômico, sem desconsiderar o papel dos pontos estratégicos como grandes produtores de mosquitos e sua importância na disseminação de arboviroses em momentos de transmissão.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Oviposition/physiology , Pupa/growth & development , Mosquito Control/methods , Aedes/growth & development , Dengue/prevention & control , Mosquito Vectors/growth & development , Urban Population , Brazil , Environmental Monitoring , Mosquito Control/statistics & numerical data , Risk Factors , Aedes/virology , Dengue/transmission , Spatial Analysis , Animal Distribution/physiology , Mosquito Vectors/virology
3.
Braz. j. biol ; 77(4): 680-685, Nov. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888810

ABSTRACT

Abstract Lopesia davillae, a new species of gall midge associated with the reproductive structures of Davilla rugosa (Dilleniaceae), is described and illustrated (larva, pupa, male, female, and damage) based on material collected in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This new species is compared with its congeneric species. This is the first record of Lopesia on Dilleniaceae.


Resumo Lopesia davillae, uma nova espécie de Cecidomyiidae associada a estruturas reprodutivas de Davilla rugosa (Dilleniaceae), é descrita e ilustrada (larva, pupa, macho, fêmea e dano) com base em material coletado no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A nova espécie é comparada com as outras espécies conhecidas do mesmo gênero. Este é o primeiro registro de Lopesia em Dilleniaceae.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Food Chain , Dilleniaceae/growth & development , Diptera/classification , Herbivory , Pupa/anatomy & histology , Pupa/classification , Pupa/growth & development , Brazil , Diptera/anatomy & histology , Diptera/growth & development , Larva/anatomy & histology , Larva/classification , Larva/growth & development
4.
Braz. j. biol ; 77(2): 284-288, Apr.-June 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888736

ABSTRACT

Abstract The antennal sensilla are sensory organs formed by a group of neurons and accessory cells, which allow perception of environmental cues, which play a role as mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors. This study describes the post-embryonic development of the antennal sensilla of the stingless Tetragonisca angustula (Hymenoptera: Meliponini) workers. The development of the antennal sensilla begins in the transition stage of the pre-pupae to white-eyed pupae. The sensilla are completely developed at the black-eyed pupae stage, but they are covered by the old cuticle. The sensilla are exposed to the environment only in newly emerged workers of T. angustula, but it is possible that environmental stimuli can be recognized due to the pores in the old cuticle.


Resumo As sensilas antenais são órgãos sensoriais formados por um conjunto de neurônios que captam estímulos ambientais e células acessórias, desempenhando as funções de mecanorreceptores e quimiorrecepterores. Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento pós-embrionário das sensilas antenais de operárias das abelhas sem ferrão Tetragonisca angustula (Hymenoptera: Meliponini). O desenvolvimento das sensilas tem início na transição de pré-pupa para pupa de olho branco e estão completamente desenvolvidas no estágio de pupa de olho preto, mas ainda estão cobertas pela cutícula velha. As sensilas estão completamente expostas em operárias recém-emergidas de T. angustula, mas é possível que estímulos ambientais sejam percebidos em estágios anteriores devido aos poros presentes na cutícula velha.


Subject(s)
Animals , Bees/growth & development , Sensilla/growth & development , Pupa/anatomy & histology , Pupa/growth & development , Pupa/ultrastructure , Bees/anatomy & histology , Bees/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Sensilla/anatomy & histology , Sensilla/ultrastructure
5.
Acta amaz ; 47(1): 63-70, jan. -mar. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1455333

ABSTRACT

There are few studies about the intra-puparial development in Diptera, nonetheless its importance has been increased because several dipteran species are of forensic interest. Studies on the life cycles of flies often disregard the changes that occur inside the pupae. The objectives of this research were to analyze the intra-puparial development of Lucilia eximia, and to describe chronological and morphological changes that occur during this stage. Around 1.600 specimens were laboratory-reared. The pre-pupae were identified by the reduction of their size and change in coloration, and 10 individuals were sampled every three hours (n=1.000) until adult emergence. The specimens were fixed in 96% alcohol, subsequently immersed in Canoy solution for 24 hours and in formic acid (5%) for 48 hours, to facilitate dissection and analysis of the morphological changes of the individuals. Four stages of the intra-pupal development of L. eximia were observed: 1) Larva-pupa apolysis, which lasted 23 ± 1.08 h; 2) Cryptocephalic pupa, 5 ± 0.53 h; 3) Phanerocephalic pupa, 92 ± 1.94 h; and 4) Pharate adult: Transparents eyes, 125 ± 2.15 h; Yellow eyes, 23 ± 0.89 h; Pink eyes, 14 ± 0.73 h; and Red eyes, 20 ± 0.60 h. The pharate adult is completely formed after 296 hours and the emergence of the adult occurred after 302 ± 3.81 h. In addition, there were included the stage of pre-pupa, pupariation and the beginning of the adult stage, Imago and adult emergence. Each stage is described and compared with those described for Chrysomya albiceps (Calliphoridae).


No mundo existem poucos estudos sobre o desenvolvimento intrapupal de Diptera. Comumente, os estudos dos ciclos de vida das espécies de moscas são feitos eliminando o desenvolvimento embrionário que é muito importante, principalmente nas espécies de interesse forense. O principal objetivo foi o de analisar o desenvolvimento intrapupal de Lucilia eximia, descrevendo as mudanças morfológicas que ocorrem durante o desenvolvimento intrapupal. Foram analisados cerca de 1.600 espécimes cultivados em laboratório. Foram analisadas as fases de pré-pupa, pupa, o início da fase adulta, a imago e a emergência. Pré-pupas foram identificadas de acordo com a redução no tamanho e na alteração da coloração. Dez espécimes foram coletados a cada três horas (n=1.000), sem interrupção, até a emergência dos adultos. As pupas foram fixadas em etanol a 96%. Em seguida foram imersas em solução Carnoy por 24 horas e ácido fórmico a 5% por 48 horas para facilitar a dissecação e análises das alterações morfológicas. Foram determinados 4 estágios de desenvolvimento intrapupal. 1) Apólise larva-pupa com duração de 23 ± 1,08 h; 2) Pupa criptocefálica: 5 ± 0,53 h; 3) Pupa fanerocefálica: 92 ± 1,94 h e; 4) Adulto farado: olhos transparentes: 125 ± 2,15 h; olhos amarelos: 23 ± 0,89 h; olhos róseos: 14 ± 0,73 h e olhos vermelhos 20 ± 0,60 h. O adulto farado estava completo após 296 horas e a emergência dos adultos ocorreu com 302 ± 3,81 h. Cada fase foi descrita e comparada com o descrito para Chrysomya albiceps (Calliphoridae).


Subject(s)
Animals , Diptera/growth & development , Diptera/embryology , Metamorphosis, Biological , Pupa/growth & development , Life Cycle Stages/physiology
6.
Rev. biol. trop ; 64(4): 1487-1493, oct.-dic. 2016. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-958228

ABSTRACT

Resumen:Actualmente varias enfermedades de origen vectorial tienen una gran relevancia médico-veterinaria, debido a las adaptaciones que han desarrollado las especies involucradas en su transmisión. Se llevó a cabo una encuesta entomológica durante 2013 con el objetivo de actualizar los conocimientos ecológicos de las poblaciones de Aedes aegypti presentes en tres Áreas de Salud de Camagüey, Cuba. Se cuantificó en cada depósito o receptáculo positivo las larvas y pupas según ubicación en las viviendas, determinando el porcentaje de representatividad. Se calculó el Índice Pupal por Depósitos específicos (ÍPDe). Los totales de viviendas así como los depósito permanentes y útiles positivos fueron comparados entre estaciones climáticas, utilizando la prueba no paramétrica de Chi2 en tablas de contingencia de 2 X 2, mientras que la relación existente entre el total de viviendas positivas y los depósitos positivos permanentes y útiles, fue explorada a través del test de proporciones de hipótesis, con un nivel de significación de P ≤ 0.05. A. aegypti colonizó 73 tipos de depósitos siendo permanentes y útiles el 23.2 %. Este número incluyó el 76 % de los depósitos positivos. Hubo mayor colecta en el exterior en tanques bajos y toneles con importante producción pupal (ÍPDe = 3.04 y 1.75, respectivamente), así como diferencias significativas durante la estación lluviosa al comparar el número de viviendas positivas (PUIA: Chi2 = 32.89; P = 0.00; PUE: Chi2 = 127.44; P = 0.00 and PUJAM: Chi2 = 127.44; P = 0.00), y depósitos permanentes y útiles (PUIA: Chi2 = 30.37; P = 0.00; PUE: Chi2 = 37.26; P = 0.00 and PUJAM: Chi2 = 81.82; P = 0.00). Estos datos refuerzan la prioridad que tienen en las acciones de vigilancia y control, por la comunidad en sus respectivas viviendas.


Abstract:Several illnesses of vectorial origin have a great medical and veterinary relevance, due to the adaptations developed by the species involved in their transmission. To support preventive programs with updated ecological information of A. aegypti populations, an entomological survey was carried out in three Health Areas of Camagüey, Cuba, during low and high rain seasons of 2013. For this, we assessed the type and number of positive containers, quantified larvae and pupae in positive containers, according to the container location in or outside the house. Both the container representativeness percentage and the pupal index by specific containers were calculated (PIsC). The total of houses as well as the positive habitual-use and non-disposable containers were compared among weather seasons, using the non parametric Chi2 test. The existent relationship between the total of positive houses and the habitual-use and non-disposable container was explored through the test of proportions hypothesis, with a level of significance of P ≤ 0.05. A. aegypti colonized 73 different types of containers, being habitual-use and non-disposable a 23.2 %. This number included 76 % of the positive containers. The greatest larvae collections were obtained in exterior water tanks and barrels, with important pupal production (PIsC = 3.04 and 1.75, respectively), and as well as significant differences towards the rainy season respect to positive houses (PUIA: Chi2 = 32.89; P = 0.00; PUE: Chi2 = 127.44; P = 0.00 and PUJAM: Chi2 = 127.44; P = 0.00), and the habitual-use and non-disposable container (PUIA: Chi2 = 30.37; P = 0.00; PUE: Chi2 = 37.26; P = 0.00 and PUJAM: Chi2 = 81.82; P = 0.00). These data reinforce the priority given to the control and surveillance actions conducted by the community in their respective houses. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64 (4): 1487-1493. Epub 2016 December 01.


Subject(s)
Animals , Ecosystem , Aedes/growth & development , Insect Vectors/growth & development , Larva/growth & development , Pupa/growth & development , Seasons , Cuba , Dengue/prevention & control , Dengue/transmission
7.
Braz. j. biol ; 76(1): 250-255, Feb. 2016. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-774514

ABSTRACT

Abstract Lecanodiaspis dendrobii Douglas, 1892 (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Lecanodiaspididae) and the associated parasitoid Cephaleta sp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) are reported for the first time in Brazil. Specimens of this scale insect were collected on branches and stems of Acacia mangium Willd., Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit (Fabaceae), Morus nigra L. (Moraceae), Citrus reticulata Blanco (Rutaceae), Tectona grandis L. f. (Verbenaceae), Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae), Annona squamosa L. and Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Annonaceae), in three municipalities of the Roraima state. All plants here mentioned are recorded for the first time as a host for L. dendrobii. Morphological characters of L. dendrobii and symptoms presented by the host plants infested by this pest are included in this work.


Resumo Lecanodiaspis dendrobii Douglas, 1892 (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Lecanodiaspididae) e o parasitoide associado Cephaleta sp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) são registrados pela primeira vez no Brasil. Exemplares dessa cochonilha foram coletados sobre ramos e fustes de Acacia mangium Willd., Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit (Fabaceae), Morus nigra L. (Moraceae), Citrus reticulata Blanco (Rutaceae), Tectona grandis L.f. (Verbenaceae), Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae), Annona squamosa L. e Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Annonaceae), em três municípios do Estado de Roraima. Todas as plantas aqui mencionadas são registradas pela primeira vez como hospedeiras de L. dendrobii. Caracteres morfológicos da cochonilha e sintomas das plantas hospedeiras infestadas por esta praga são incluídos neste trabalho.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Hemiptera/parasitology , Hemiptera/physiology , Hymenoptera/physiology , Animal Distribution , Brazil , Citrus/growth & development , Hemiptera/growth & development , Hymenoptera/growth & development , Larva/growth & development , Larva/parasitology , Larva/physiology , Ovum/classification , Pupa/growth & development , Pupa/physiology
8.
Braz. j. biol ; 75(4): 783-789, Nov. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-768187

ABSTRACT

Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize the local fauna of Hymenoptera parasitoids associated with Lepidoptera larvae in areas of reforestation and agrosilvopastoral systems at Fazenda Canchim (Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, SP, Brazil). Lepidoptera larvae collected with entomological umbrella were kept in the laboratory until emergence of adults or their parasitoids. From those collected in the agrosilvopastoral system, emerged 267 specimens of hymenopteran parasitoids belonging to 16 genera: Braconidae, Agathidinae (Alabagrus), Braconinae (Bracon), Microgastrinae (Cotesia, Diolcogaster, Glyptapanteles, Pholetesor and Protapanteles), Orgilinae (Orgilus); Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae (Casinaria, Charops and Microcharops); Chalcididae, Chalcidinae (Brachymeria and Conura); Eulophidae, Entedoninae (Horismenus), Eulophinae (Elachertus and Euplectrus). From the Lepidoptera larvae collected in the reforestation, emerged 68 specimens of hymenopteran parasitoids, belonging to 8 genera: Chalcididae, Chalcidinae (Conura); Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae (Neotheronia), Campopleginae (Charops and Microcharops) and Braconidae, Microgastrinae (Apanteles, Diolcogaster, Distatrix, Glyptapanteles and Protapanteles). The results of this study suggest the occurrence of a wide variety of Hymenoptera parasitoids in the studied environments.


Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a fauna local de Hymenoptera parasitoides associados a larvas de Lepidoptera em área de reflorestamento (corredor ecológico) e de sistema agrossilvipastoril na Fazenda Canchim (Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, SP, Brasil). Larvas de Lepidoptera coletadas com guarda-chuva entomológico foram mantidas em laboratório até a emergência dos adultos ou de seus parasitoides. Daquelas coletadas no sistema agrossilvipastoril emergiram 267 espécimes de himenópteros parasitoides, pertencentes a 16 gêneros: Braconidae, Agathidinae (Alabagrus), Braconinae (Bracon), Microgastrinae (Cotesia, Diolcogaster, Glyptapanteles, Pholetesor e Protapanteles), Orgilinae (Orgilus); Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae (Casinaria, Charops e Microcharops); Chalcididae, Chalcidinae (Brachymeria e Conura); Eulophidae, Entedoninae (Horismenus), Eulophinae (Elachertus e Euplectrus). No reflorestamento emergiram 68 espécimes de himenópteros parasitoides, pertencentes a 8 gêneros: Chalcididae, Chalcidinae (Conura); Ichneumonidae; Pimplinae (Neotheronia), Campopleginae (Charops e Microcharops); Braconidae, Microgastrinae (Apanteles, Diolcogaster, Glyptapanteles e Protapanteles). Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os ambientes estudados abrigam grande diversidade de Hymenoptera parasitoides.


Subject(s)
Animals , Lepidoptera/parasitology , Wasps/physiology , Agriculture , Brazil , Environment , Forestry , Host-Parasite Interactions , Larva/growth & development , Larva/parasitology , Larva/physiology , Lepidoptera/growth & development , Pupa/growth & development , Pupa/parasitology , Pupa/physiology , Wasps/growth & development
9.
Braz. j. biol ; 75(4): 969-973, Nov. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-768198

ABSTRACT

Abstract The coccinellids Eriopis connexa (Germar), Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) and Olla v-nigrum (Mulsant) are important natural biological control agents. The purpose of this paper was to study the biology and create a fertility life table of these three coccinellid species. For the biology study, 50 insects/species were used and kept in groups of 10 in glass vials (2300cm3). For the three species studied, the viability of the total cycle varied from 45 to 50%. O. v-nigrum was the species which presented the longest oviposition period. However, H. axiridis demonstrated the best reproductive performance and ability of population growth in each generation. In conclusion, the use of commercially obtained pollen and A. kuenhiella eggs enables the development of coccinellids E. connexa, H. axyridis and O. v-nigrum under laboratory conditions, since the insects completed their biological cycle and originated adults with good reproductive performance.


Resumo Os coccinelídeos Eriopis connexa (Germar), Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) e Olla v-nigrum (Mulsant) são importantes agentes de controle biológico natural. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a biologia e a tabela de vida de fertilidade dessas três espécies de coccinelídeos. Para a biologia foram utilizados 50 insetos/espécie, mantidos em grupo de 10 em recipientes de vidro de (2300cm3). Para as três espécies estudadas, a viabilidade do ciclo total variou de 45 a 50%. O. v-nigrum foi a espécie que apresentou maior período de oviposição. No entanto, H. axiridis foi àquela que demonstrou maior performance reprodutiva e capacidade de aumento populacional a cada geração. Em conclusão, a utilização de pólen comercial e ovos de A. kuenhiella possibilita o desenvolvimento dos coccinelídeos E. connexa, H. axyridis e O. v-nigrum em condições de laboratório, pois, os insetos completaram o ciclo biológico e originaram adultos com boa performance reprodutiva.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Coleoptera/physiology , Coleoptera/growth & development , Fertility , Life Tables , Larva/growth & development , Larva/physiology , Ovum/growth & development , Ovum/physiology , Pest Control, Biological , Pupa/growth & development , Pupa/physiology
10.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 45(2): 185-188, fev. 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1479634

ABSTRACT

Erinnyis ello é uma das principais pragas da cultura da mandioca e seus inimigos naturais incluem parasitoides de ovos, lagartas e pupas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o parasitismo e alguns aspectos biológicos de Tetrastichus howardi, criados em pupa de E. ello. Em geral, o parasitismo e emergência de T. howardi em pupas de E. ello foram de 64%. Duração do ciclo (ovo-adulto) de T. howardi em pupas de E. ello foi de 20,12±0,15 dias a 25±2°C, 70±10% de umidade relativa e 14h de fotofase. A progênie de T. howardi por pupa de E. ello foi 466±0,44. A longevidade de T. howardi, fêmeas e machos, foram de 15±0,57 e 12±0,93 dias, respectivamente. A razão sexual foi de 0,95±0,06, e a proporção de fêmeas por fêmea foi de 44±0,45. T. howardi parasita e se desenvolve em pupas de E. ello.


Erinnyis ello is one of the main pests of the cassava crop, and its natural enemies including egg, caterpillar, and pupal parasitoids. The aim of this study was to evaluate parasitism and biological aspects of Tetrastichus howardi on E. ello pupae. In general, parasitism and emergence of T. howardi on E. ello pupae was 64%. Cycle duration (egg to adult) of T. howardi on E. ello pupae was of 20.12±0.15 days at 25±2°C, 70±10% relative humidity, and 14-h photophase. The progeny of T. howardi by E. ello pupae was of 466±0.44. Longevity of T. howardi females and males was of 15±0.57 and 12±0.93 days, respectively. The sex ratio was of 0.95±0.06, and the ratio of females per female was 44±0.45. T. howardi parasite and develops on E. ello pupae.


Subject(s)
Pest Control, Biological , Parasitic Diseases/prevention & control , Manihot/parasitology , Pupa/growth & development , Insecta/growth & development
11.
Biol. Res ; 47: 1-9, 2014. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-710937

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although tropical climate of Thailand is suitably endowed with biodiversity of insects, flies of medical importance is not well investigated. Using information from literature search, fly survey approach and specialist's experience, we review database of Sarcophaga (Liosarcophaga) dux Thomson (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), one of the priorities flesh fly species of medical importance in Thailand. RESULTS: This review deals with morphology, bionomics and medical involvement. Important morphological characteristics of egg, larva, puparia and adult were highlighted with illustration and/or micrographs. Search pertaining to molecular analysis used for fly identification and developmental rate of larvae were included. Medical involvement of larvae was not only myiasis-producing agent in humans and animals, but associated with human death investigations. CONCLUSIONS: This information will enable us to accurate identify this species and to emphasis the increase medically important scene in Thailand.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Humans , Male , Myiasis/diagnosis , Oviposition , Sarcophagidae/anatomy & histology , Sarcophagidae/growth & development , Dissection/methods , Forensic Sciences , Genitalia, Male/anatomy & histology , Life Cycle Stages , Larva/growth & development , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Myiasis/veterinary , Ovum/growth & development , Pupa/growth & development , Thailand
12.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 44(3): 349-355, May-June 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-593361

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Em região de alta incidência de dengue, no litoral do Estado de São Paulo, selecionaram-se 9 áreas, com objetivo de avaliar o comportamento de formas imaturas de Aedes aegypti. MÉTODOS: As 9 áreas foram agrupadas em 4 estratos, diferenciados pelo uso e ocupação do solo. Foram coletadas larvas e pupas numa amostra de cerca de 500 imóveis em cada área. RESULTADOS: Apesar do pneu e lona apresentarem as maiores taxas de positividade para Aedes aegypti, o ralo, juntamente com outros recipientes fixos nas edificações foram altamente predominantes entre os recipientes positivos (32 a 76 por cento dos recipientes positivos). As áreas coletivas de prédios e os imóveis não residenciais de grande porte apresentaram as maiores taxas de positividade para Aedes aegypti enquanto os apartamentos, as menores. Os níveis de infestação foram maiores na área residencial com predominância de prédios de apartamentos, onde 76 por cento dos criadouros detectados foram recipientes fixos nas edificações. CONCLUSÕES: Esses conhecimentos são importantes subsídios para a estratégia de controle, pois reforçam a necessidade de atenção especial para determinados tipos de imóveis, bem como da adequação da norma técnica de ralo de água pluvial e da melhoria de manutenção das edificações. Além disso, são necessárias observações sistemáticas que permitam acompanhar a dinâmica de ocupação de diferentes imóveis e recipientes por Aedes aegypti e a incorporação desses conhecimentos nas ações de controle do vetor na região.


INTRODUCTION: In a region of high dengue incidence, on the coast of the State of São Paulo, 9 areas were selected to evaluate the behavior of immature Aedes aegypti. METHODS: The 9 areas were grouped into 4 strata according to soil use and occupation. Larvae and pupas were collected in a sample of approximately 500 buildings in each area. RESULTS: Although tires and canvas presented the highest positive rates for Aedes aegypti, drains and other containers fixed to the buildings were highly predominant among positive containers; 32 to 76 percent of the positive containers in the 4 study strata. Public areas of apartment buildings and large non-residential premises presented the highest positive rates for Aedes Aegypti, while apartments presented the lowest. Infestation levels were greater in residential areas with predominance of apartment buildings, where 76 percent of the breeding sites detected were containers fixed to the buildings. CONCLUSIONS: This knowledge is an important tool in the control strategy, since it reinforces the need for special attention regarding certain types of buildings and the adjustment of technical norms for pluvial water drains and improvement of building maintenance. Moreover, systematic observations are required to follow-up the occupancy dynamic of different buildings and containers by Aedes aegypti and the incorporation of this knowledge in the control of vectors in the region.


Subject(s)
Animals , Aedes/growth & development , Disease Reservoirs/classification , Housing/classification , Insect Vectors/growth & development , Brazil , Disease Reservoirs/statistics & numerical data , Housing/statistics & numerical data , Larva/growth & development , Pupa/growth & development
13.
Neotrop. entomol ; 39(3): 400-413, May-June 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-556526

ABSTRACT

Immature stages of Memphis moruus stheno (Prittwittz) were subject of a behavior, biological and morphological study. The morphological study was carried out through observation by stereoscopic microscopy with camera lucida and micrometric lens attached for illustrations and measurements, respectively; and scanning electron microscopy for ultrastructural analysis. Behavioral data were obtained through direct observation in the field and laboratory. Eggs were laid on the underside of leaves of two Lauraceae species. The first to third instars build frass chains, the fourth and the fifth instars build a conical shelter using a single leaf of the host plant. Before pupation, larvae bend its body ventrally and the pupae are incapable of movement. Descriptions, illustrations and photographs of egg, all five instars and pupa are given. The cephalic morphology and chaetotaxy of first instar were described and illustrated. Results are compared with other Charaxinae immature stages.


Subject(s)
Animals , Lepidoptera/anatomy & histology , Lepidoptera/growth & development , Larva/anatomy & histology , Larva/growth & development , Larva/ultrastructure , Lepidoptera/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Pupa/anatomy & histology , Pupa/growth & development , Pupa/ultrastructure
14.
Biol. Res ; 43(4): 411-416, 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-582855

ABSTRACT

Five Iranian native silkworm groups: Baghdad, Khorasan Orange, Guilan Orange, Khorasan Pink, Khorasan Lemon, and 107 and 110 commercial lines (12 families from each breed) were randomly selected and reared during 2003-2005 (five generations in spring and autumn). In each family, 30 male and 30 female cocoons were individually recorded for weight, shell weight and shell ratio. From among the native groups, the highest average in all three traits belonged to Baghdad and Khorasan Pink, and the lowest to Khorasan Orange and Khorasan Lemon. From among the commercial lines, the highest average in all three traits belonged to 107. In comparing heritabihty for cocoon weight in native groups, the highest heritabihty belonged to Guilan Orange (0.5147) and Khorasan Orange (0.5036) and the lowest heritabihty belonged to Khorasan Pink (0.0967). In the two other traits, the highest heritabihty belonged to Khorasan Orange and Baghdad and the lowest to Khorasan Pink. In the commercial lines, linellO had higher heritabihty than linel07 for cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight. In all the groups, genetic correlations between cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight were high, expect for the Baghdad group. There was médium or low genetic correlation among cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight and cocoon shell ratio.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Bombyx/genetics , Genetic Variation/genetics , Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics , Body Weight/genetics , Bombyx/classification , Bombyx/growth & development , Iran , Phenotype , Pupa/genetics , Pupa/growth & development
15.
Neotrop. entomol ; 37(4): 361-364, July-Aug. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-492695

ABSTRACT

Aspectos biológicos de Diaphania hyalinata L. foram estudados quando as lagartas foram criadas em dietas natural e artificial em condições de laboratório, a 25 ± 1ºC, umidade relativa de 70 ± 10 por cento e fotofase de 14h. Como dieta natural foi utilizada abóbora jacaré, pepino e abobrinha caserda e uma dieta artificial utilizada em criações de Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr.), desenvolvida por Hensley & Hammond. As lagartas de D. hyalinata foram colocadas nos diferentes substratos e criadas por todo o ciclo. Observaram-se diferenças na duração do período larval, sobrevivência das larvas e pupas, longevidade do adulto e número de ovos entre os substratos. A dieta artificial a que mostrou de modo geral, mais adequada para a criação de D. hyalinata. Entre as dietas naturais, o pepino foi o que se apresentou mais adequado para criação desta praga.


The aim of this research was to evaluate the biological behaviour of melonworm at different natural and artificial diets. Squash cultivar jacaré, cucumber, summer squash and an artificial diets developed by Hensley & Hammond for the sugarcane borer were tried. The research was carried out in the Laboratório de Entomologia do Centro de Ciências Agrárias of the Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, in climatized room at 25 ± 1ºC, relative humidity of 70 ± 10 percent and 14h photofase. The caterpillars fed on each substrate during the whole life cycle. Differences in duration of the larval period, larvae and pupae survival, adult longevity and number of eggs were registered between the substrates. The results show that the best diet for rearing is the artificial one. Between the natural diets the cucumber showed the best results.


Subject(s)
Animals , Diet , Moths/growth & development , Cucumis sativus/parasitology , Cucurbita/parasitology , Larva/growth & development , Moths/anatomy & histology , Oviposition , Pupa/growth & development
16.
Neotrop. entomol ; 36(5): 657-661, Sept.-Oct. 2007. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-468096

ABSTRACT

A criação de Galleria mellonella L. em laboratório é de grande importância para a multiplicação de nematóides entomopatogênicos, fundamental para estudos de controle biológico. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito de três diferentes condições térmicas sobre os estágios imaturos desse inseto, possibilitando a sincronização de sua produção. Foram empregadas duas etapas na criação, utilizando núcleo de incubação para desenvolvimento dos ovos e recipientes circulares de alumínio para desenvolvimento de larvas e pupas. A duração dos estágios imaturos foi inversamente proporcional à temperatura em todos os bioensaios executados. Os períodos de incubação foram de 13,4 dias a 22ºC, 8,3 a 27ºC e 6,8 a 32ºC. Para os períodos de desenvolvimento larval foram obtidos valores de 40,4, 27,2 e 23,4 dias, sob as mesmas temperaturas. O desenvolvimento pupal realizou-se em 18,2, 15,0 e 12,2 dias, na mesma ordem de temperatura. A maior sobrevivência para o estágio larval ocorreu a 32ºC; no entanto, para os estágios embrionário e pupal, as maiores sobrevivências foram registradas a 27ºC e 22ºC, respectivamente. A temperatura base para a espécie foi de 11,209167ºC para o desenvolvimento embrionário, 7,695869ºC para o estágio larval e 1,943050ºC para o pupal. As constantes térmicas foram 138,380533 GD (graus dia) para o estágio de ovo, 554,968830 GD, para larva e 369,054080 GD para pupa.


The rearing of Galleria mellonella L. in laboratory is important for multiplication of entomopathogenic nematodes, mandatory for biological control studies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three thermal profiles on development stages of this insect, allowing synchronization of cycle production. Two distinct rearing phases were done: firstly, using nucleous of incubation for development of eggs and, secondly, using circular-aluminum manifolds for development of larvae and pupae. The time necessary for development of the immature stages decreased with higher temperatures. Incubation periods lasted 13.4 days at 22ºC, 8.3 at 27ºC and 6.8 days at 32ºC, while periods for larvae development lasted 40.4, 27.2, and 23.4 days, respectively, for the same temperatures. Development to pupal stage was observed 18.2, 15.0, and 12.2 days, respectively, for the same temperatures. Larval survival was higher at 32ºC, however embryonic stages and pupae survival were higher at 27ºC. and 22ºC, respectively. The threshold temperature was 11.209167ºC for the embryonic development stage, 7.695869ºC for larval stage, and 1.943050ºC for pupal stage of G. mellonella. Thermal constants were 138.380533 DG (degree day) for egg, 554.968830 DG for larvae, and 369.054080 DG for pupae.


Subject(s)
Animals , Lepidoptera/growth & development , Larva/growth & development , Pupa/growth & development , Temperature
17.
Neotrop. entomol ; 36(4): 629-631, July-Aug. 2007. ilus, mapas
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-464631

ABSTRACT

This scientific note reports the association between the parasitoid Conura morleyi (Ashmead) and Brassolis sophorae laurentii Stichel pupae in the State of Alagoas, Brazil. This parasitoid exhibits gregarious development, with production up to 146 individuals per pupa throughout a single opening. The sex proportion of the parasitoids was one male for one female.


Este trabalho registra o parasitismo de pupas de Brassolis sophorae laurentii Stichel por Conura morleyi (Ashmead) em Alagoas. Essa espécie de parasitóide exibiu desenvolvimento de forma gregária, tendo sido observada a saída de 146 indivíduos por pupa através de um único orifício, e com proporção sexual de um macho para uma fêmea.


Subject(s)
Hymenoptera , Lepidoptera , Pupa/growth & development
18.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ; 2007 Mar; 38(2): 269-75
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-36029

ABSTRACT

Tablet (40 mg a.i./tablet) and granular (2% a.i.) formulations of diflubenzuron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, insect growth regulator, were evaluated for larvicidal efficacy against the larvae of Aedes aegypti (L.) in water-storage containers under field conditions in Thailand. Each formulation was applied to 200-1 clay jars at 5 different dosages (0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/l a.i.). The jars were covered with solid celocrete sheets and placed in the shade under a roof. Another experiment was also carried out using 3 different dosages (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/l) where half the water in each treated jar and the control was removed and refilled weekly. Each treatment was replicated four times. The treatments were challenged by adding 25 3rd instar larvae/jar weekly. Assessments were made of each treatment through emergence inhibition (%EI) by removing and counting pupal skins one week after larval addition. Using these assessment techniques, a high degree of larvicidal efficacy (96-100%EI) was achieved with 4 dosages (0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/l) of both (tablet and granular) formulations for a period of 23 weeks post-treatment. The efficacy of the lowest dosage (0.02 mg/l) of tablet and granular formulations lasted for 21 and 22 weeks post-treatment, respectively. Under the conditions of water removal and weekly refilling, a high degree of larvicidal efficacy (96-100%El) at the 3 dosages was obtained with the tablet formulation 18 to 21 weeks post-treatment, whereas the efficacy of the granular formulation persisted 15 to 23 weeks post-treatment depending on the dosage. This study clearly demonstrates a high level of residual activity with both formulations of diflubenzuron against larvae of Ae. aegypti in water-storage containers. Considering environmental factors and water-use conditions, it is likely that dosages of 0.05 to 0.1 mg a.i./l are effective dosages providing long-lasting control for 3 to 4 months in the field.


Subject(s)
Aedes/growth & development , Animals , Chitin/antagonists & inhibitors , Diflubenzuron/pharmacology , Diptera/parasitology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Insect Vectors/drug effects , Insecticides/administration & dosage , Larva/drug effects , Mosquito Control/methods , Pupa/growth & development , Thailand , Water/parasitology , Water Supply
19.
Rev. bras. entomol ; 50(3): 419-422, jul.-set. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-445400

ABSTRACT

Alguns aspectos do comportamento e da biologia de Phaedon confinis Klug, 1829 foram avaliados em Senecio brasiliensis (Spreng.) Less. Os insetos adultos foram coletados em Ponta Grossa (Paraná, Brasil) e mantidos a uma temperatura média ambiente de 20,03° C. Os ovos de P. confinis são alongados e amarelados, obtendo-se um total médio de 756,75 ± 50,19 ovos por fêmea, com média de 7,54 ± 0,99 ovos por postura. O período de incubação médio foi de 7,38 ± 0,21 dias e a viabilidade média dos ovos de 44,69 por cento ± 7,45. As larvas têm coloração castanho-escura, com cerdas curtas distribuídas por todo corpo e a forma foi semelhante nos três estágios larvais, aumentando de tamanho em cada ecdise. Os três estágios duraram em média 5,81 dias, 4,82 dias e 21,84 dias, respectivamente; e a sobrevivência média alcançada no 3° estágio foi de 5,27 por cento. O estágio de pupa apresentou duração média de 5,58 dias e sobrevivência média de 3,88 por cento. A longevidade média das fêmeas foi de 229 dias e dos machos de 213,75 dias.


Some aspects of the behavior and biology of Phaedon confinis Klug, 1829 are evaluated on the host plant Senecio brasiliensis (Spreng.) Less. The adult insects were collected in Ponta Grossa (Paraná, Brazil) and were kept in an average temperature of 20.03°C. The eggs of P. confinis are elongated and yellowish, with an average total amount of 756.75 ± 50.19 eggs / female with an average of 7.54 ± 0.99 eggs / chutch. The average incubation period was 7.38 ± 0.21 days and the average viability of the eggs were 44.69 percent ± 7.45. The larva has dark brown coloration, with short bristles distributed on the body and the form was similar in the three larval instars, with size increasing in each ecdisys. The three instars lasted on average 5.81 days, 4.82 days and 21.84 days, respectively; and the average survival reached in the thirth instar was 5.27 percent. The pupal period presented average duration of 5.58 days and average survival of 3.88 percent. The average longevity of the females was 229 days and of the males 213.75 days.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Behavior, Animal , Coleoptera/growth & development , Life Cycle Stages , Longevity , Pest Control, Biological , Senecio , Larva/growth & development , Pupa/growth & development
20.
Rev. bras. entomol ; 48(3): 331-334, jul.-set. 2004. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-384835

ABSTRACT

Descrição da larva e pupa da broca do mamoeiro Pseudopiazurus papayanus (Marshall) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Piazurini). Larvas, pupas e adultos de Pseudopiazurus papayanus (Marshall, 1922) estão associadas com Carica papaya Linnaeus, 1753 (Caricaceae). A larva de último instar e a pupa são descritas e ilustradas. O dimorfismo sexual observado no ultimo segmento abdominal das pupas, também é ilustrado.


Subject(s)
Animals , Coleoptera/anatomy & histology , Coleoptera/classification , Coleoptera/growth & development , Carica , Larva/growth & development , Pupa/growth & development
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